孕之点滴

概况

末次月经首日：2004年12月7日
排卵日：2004年12月19日（estimated by ovulation test result）
可能受孕日：2004年12月19日 or 12月20日
确定怀孕日：2005年1月1日
估计预产期：2005年9月12日（based on both the first day of last menstrual period and 20th week’s sonogram）
实际生产日期：2005年9月14日

难忘第一次

首次孕吐：2005年1月17日（孕5周+7天）
末次孕吐：2005年3月18日（孕14周+4天）
孕吐共13次，不很严重，多发生在下午或晚饭后。
孕5周后明显感觉没有食欲，头晕乏力，不能进食米饭和肉类；唾液分泌过量，喝水、牛奶、果汁等也常会导致恶心。期间饮食主要以稀饭、面条为主，包括饼干和馒头。可进食水果。12周后食欲明显改善，15周恢复正常，19周开始常有饥饿感。
孕初期脸部皮肤变差，豆豆不断，18周开始有所改善。

首次听到胎儿心跳：2005年2月25日（孕11周+4天）
Baby’s heartbeat is heard with a Doppler, and the rate is 172 bpm.

首次感觉胎动：2005年3月27日中午12点左右（孕15周+6天）
Feel like a bubble bursting，4 times in all (2 right/2 left). After 16 weeks, baby’s movements (mostly are kicks) become more apparent and powerful.
首次感觉宝宝胎动出现在肚脐以上：2005年5月16日上午（孕22周+7天）

首次sonogram：2005年4月22日上午10点半（孕19周+4天）
Everything looks perfect, and Yaoyao was assigned a little girl by sonographer

首次感觉宝宝打嗝：孕25周左右
感觉肚皮局部有节奏的轻轻震动 (feel baby’s hiccups as little rhythmic sensations or movements in the belly)，持续1-2分钟。

首次强烈感觉到宫缩：孕30周+7天
感觉肚皮发紧、腹部变硬，而且连续好几波，持续时间也较长。好像内部空间已经不够宝宝伸展了。;p
以前晚饭后偶尔也有这种感觉，但没有今天这么强烈。无疼痛感。
This should be Braxton Hick contraction, the practice contraction that your body begin to practice for labor. It’s different from preterm labor contractions and are no cause for alarm. If the contractions are irregular and go away when you change positions or walk around, you are probably experiencing Braxton Hicks.

首次发现妊娠纹：孕36周+5天
从孕10周起就一直坚持擦cocoa butter lotion，希望能有效抑制妊娠纹的出现。没想到8月20号晚上发现屁股上突然出现了好几条红红的条纹，起先以为是抓痕，后来经再三观察证实很有可能就是传说中了妊娠纹了。:( 哎，终于还是没能幸免啊。好在目前肚子表现尚为良好，只是不知道还能挺多久呢？希望能一直不长就好了。
喀喀，运气不错，肚子终于经受住了考验，光洁如初。

产后首次月经来潮：2006年2月2号 （瑶瑶142天大了）
这时还在哺乳，查了一下资料，好像来月经并不是断奶的借口。不过月经期间的奶水蛋白质含量偏高，脂肪含量降低，容易引起小儿消化不良。另外，月经期间奶水产量也会明显减少。难怪昨天晚上瑶瑶吃了好久都还不满足呢。;p

孕期体重表

How much weight should I gain during my pregnancy?

It depends — on your height and on how much you weighed before you conceived. If you weighed an average amount before your pregnancy, you should gain between 25 and 35 pounds, gaining 2 to 5 pounds in the first trimester and about 1 pound per week for the rest of your pregnancy.
If you were underweight you should gain 28 to 40 pounds. And if you were overweight you should gain 15 to 25 pounds. If you’re having twins you should gain about 35 to 45 pounds. If you fall into one of these categories, talk to your healthcare provider about how much you should gain each month.

Add comment September 17th, 2005 Daddy

临产信号

Time really flies，距预产期只剩下短短的33天了。赶紧查查资料，再温习一遍临产前的各种症状。Hehe，早作准备，希望到时能临阵不慌。

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the following symptoms indicate the onset of labor:

1. Bloody show（见红）: You notice a pink stain on your underwear or toilet tissue. This indicates that you lost the mucus plug.
2. Rupture of membranes（破水）: You feel fluid gush or trickle from your vagina, indicating that the bag of water containing your baby has ruptured.
3. Regular contractions that intensify（频率和强度不断增加的阵痛）: You feel contractions that are frequent and increasingly painful. They don’t go away but instead intensify with physical activity.
4. Pain in lower back（放射性后背痛）: You feel a regular and intense pain in your lower back that radiates to your lower abdomen and sometimes even to your legs.
5. Cramps that feel like intestinal upset（产生便意）: You feel cramping that seems like the onset of diarrhea, and you may actually experience diarrhea.

Important note: Don’t insert tampons, take a tub bath, or have intercourse after the rupture of membranes. If the fluid from the rupture is tinted green, brown, or gold, contact your doctor immediately. This is a possible sign of fetal distress.

Add comment August 10th, 2005 Mommy

孕晚期常见并发症及处理办法

孕晚期常见的并发症可能有：妊娠高血压综合征、妊期糖尿病、胎儿宫内发育受限、还有孕晚期产前出血的一些疾病。

1. 妊高征主要表现就是下肢浮肿、尿里出现蛋白，以及血压升高，而且往往是水肿可能首先出现，所以当体重增长过快，下肢水肿逐渐增多的时候，就要警惕是否有尿蛋白或者血压高。如果有轻度的血压增高，或者有微量的尿蛋白出现，首先应该注意休息，有的时候休息好了这些症状就可以缓解。如果通过一般的休息不能缓解症状，血液逐渐增高，就要在医生的指导下服用药物，或者是住院治疗。如果在这期间有不舒服的感觉，比如头晕、头痛，更要及早的去医院就诊，以免发生妊高征的严重并发症比如子痫。

2. 糖尿病的筛查应该是在孕早期和孕28周的时候，如果通过筛查已经诊断你是糖尿病，要及时的饮食控制、调整血糖，如果饮食控制血糖不理想，应该及时应用胰岛素，这个药对胎儿不会有任何的危害，但最关键是要使血糖保持正常，因为如果血糖高的话，胎儿会有很多的并发症。比如出生后的低血糖、红细胞增多症、高胆红素血症，尤其是胎儿的肺要比一般的孩子晚成熟两周。所以经常会有呼吸窘迫综合症发生。所以孕期糖尿病不可怕，关键是要把血糖控制在正常的范围。

3. 宫内发育受限是每次在产前检查的时候，大夫会发现你的宫高和腹围都是在正常孕周的下线，或者是近一段时期增长缓慢或者不增长，B超检查胎儿双顶径和股骨长都比相应的孕周小很多，如果这种情况是在孕晚期才出现的，一般都是外在原因造成的。 比如说营养不良，或者饮食不合理，或者是胎盘功能不好，通透性差，所以尽管你吃得不差，但到孩子体内吸收的不多。如果是这种情况，必要的时候应该住院输液治疗，使一些必须的营养素通过静脉直接供给胎儿，效果一般是比较好的。

4. 孕晚期还有一种比较严重的并发症就是产前出血，这种情况可以见于前置胎盘或者是胎盘早剥，前置胎盘就是指胎盘的位置比较低，最严重就是胎盘整个盖住宫颈口，这种情况出血往往一次量比较大，病人有可能一次就会造成休克，出血的时候不伴有腹痛，这种情况通过B超可以确诊。 所以如果有孕晚期无痛性的出血，一定要做B超排除前置胎盘的可能。胎盘早剥是指在胎儿没有娩出之前，胎盘就已经在宫腔内剥离，这时胎儿会缺氧，同时如果血不能流到阴道外，就会往子宫基层渗透，造成子宫的卒中。这种情况会危及到母亲和胎儿的安全。还会造成母体的凝血功能障碍。 如果是这种情况，孕妇表现是阴道出血可多可少，同时会伴有腹痛，所以发生这种情况的时候，一定要赶紧上医院，以便及时的治疗，防止母亲的休克或者是胎死宫内的发生。

Add comment August 5th, 2005 Mommy

分娩过程全览

Are you dreading labor? Do yourself a favor–learn as much as you possibly can about labor beforehand. Most women fear labor because of what they think will happen. And while, grant you, labor is no picnic, you can allay many of your fears by understanding what will be happening to your body.

Labor is different for each woman and for each pregnancy, there are 3 main stages:

Stage 1–the longest stage

During this stage–which begins with the first uterine contractions and ends with complete dilation of the cervix–you’ll probably spend most of your time at home. At first, the contractions are like strong menstrual cramps, lasting from 30 to 40 seconds and occurring every 5 to 15 minutes. They increase in rhythm, strength, and duration until, eventually, they last as long as 60 seconds and come every 2 to 3 minutes.
What’s happening during stage 1:
Your uterus and cervix, which together look like an upside-down pear, are rearranging themselves into the shape of a keg. The cervix, or neck of the pear, is getting shorter and dilating or opening so baby’s head can get through. This change is called effacement. At the end of this stage, the cervix will be dilated to about 10 centimeters (nearly 4 inches).
备注：产妇分娩顺利与否，除了胎儿大小， 胎位如何，骨盆大小及形态的因素以外，还有一个很重要并起决走性的因素，这就是产力。所谓产力即指子宫肌肉和腹肌的收缩力而言，子宫收缩需要一定的能量。据实验表明，每一次子宫收缩所需要的能量相当正常人上一层楼梯。而一个初产妇平均产程需要8～16小时，按临产后正常的子宫收缩为3 ～5分钟一次计算，一个初产妇在整个产程宫缩约200次左右,也就是说相当正常人走200多层楼梯，可见其消耗能量之 大。因此，增加一定量的热能以补充体力消耗是很有必要的。 在这一产程中，孕妇应照常吃些高热量的液体或半流质食物。比如红糖水加鸡蛋、鸡枣汤、桂园汤等营养丰富，热量高的食物。对不能进食者，应给予10％的葡萄糖液500～1000毫升静脉滴注，内加维生素C 500毫克。另外产妇经过一段时间熟睡， 改善全身状态后，也能使体力恢复，子宫收缩力转强。如若做不到产妇临产后和产程中及时补充营养和热量，势必影响产力的正常发挥，使产妇过于疲劳，导致产程延长，给产妇和未出世的孩子带来不利。巧克力是由奶油或牛奶、白糖、可可粉等精制而成的营养丰富、热量较高的食品。因此，产妇在临产后和产程中吃些巧克力，无疑是一种简便、易行、增强产力的方法。

Stage 2–pushing and delivery

Now it’s time to go to work. Although this stage is no more comfortable, at least you’re an active participant, pushing with the contractions. Using the techniques learned in childbirth classes will help you breathe and bear down, making each contraction more effective. Plus, you’ll get lots of coaching from your partner and the medical personnel.
What’s happening during stage 2:
Near the end, the baby’s head can be seen during and after a contraction. That’s called crowning. At this point, the doctor may do an episiotomy–a shallow cut into the lower vagina to keep your tissue from tearing. Next (the part you’ve been anticipating forever!) the baby is born, usually head first and face down. At this point, the doctor may place your baby face down on your abdomen for skin-to-skin contact. Your newborn may take a first breath at that moment, or perhaps the doctor will have you gently massage the baby’s back. Sometimes the doctor will perform a little suctioning to make sure the baby breathes freely. Finally, the umbilical cord is cut. Your partner may be allowed to assist here. There also may be other activity, for example treating baby’s eyes to prevent gonorrheal infection, evaluating baby’s condition, or perhaps injecting baby with some vitamin K to aid in blood clotting. And of course, someone will take footprints and issue the ID bracelets–one for you and one for baby.
备注：此产程胎儿胎头由子宫进入阴道。因胎头压迫直肠，产妇有要排大便的感觉；这时产妇应先吸二口气，然后随着宫缩向下用力，靠迸气增加腹压来逼出胎儿，是加速分娩的重要做法。宫缩停止后就休息、产妇应尽可能的不要乱喊或乱动，以免消耗体力。产妇在产床上的有利姿势是：平卧，两腿屈曲，足蹬在产床上，两手拉住产床的把手，然后随着阵缩的加强向下迸气。

Stage 3–the afterbirth
One more job to do–deliver the afterbirth. Your contractions may have stopped but will restart, and will last between 5 and 20 minutes until the placenta is expelled.

Fetal monitoring
During the first 2 stages of labor, your baby’s progress may be monitored electronically.

What about pain control?
While labor pains sometimes can be significant, there are several ways you can help alleviate the pain.
• The epidural.
This is the most common anesthetic used in labor and delivery. Here, the doctor threads a catheter through the vertebrae and into your lower back. Then, moderate doses of anesthetic are injected about once an hour. The anesthetic blocks both your motor and sensory fibers. The sensory nerves are easier to numb than the motor nerves, so you may, for example, be able to move your legs a little bit but you won’t feel them very well. So, when it’s time to deliver, you can’t feel your contractions and don’t have a sense of when to push, which is a drawback.

• The continuous epidural.
This newer version solves that problem. As with the epidural, a catheter is inserted, but now only small amounts of anesthetic are administered by a pump so your nerve fibers are continuously bathed in anesthetic, rather than overwhelmed with one large dose. As a result, your sensory nerve fibers are blocked, but not your motor nerve fibers, so you’re able to push.

• The walking epidural.
This newest option allows you to remain mobile. Ask your doctor about this new one.

• Analgesics like Demerol and Stadol.
If you’re given either of these medications through an IV or as an injection, they can take the edge off the pain of contractions. While they are narcotics, addiction is not a problem because the medications aren’t used for days at a time.

Drug-free pain control
In addition to the pain-relief options that include medication, you also may consider the following:

• Hydrotherapy. If your hospital has a whirlpool spa, you can spend the most intense part of your labor letting the warm water jets massage your aching back. Perhaps even more importantly, the water will let you relax and ride through the pain and work with your contractions. Today many hospitals include spas in their maternity unit for this very purpose. If your water has broken, you may not be able to take advantage of this therapy. Check with your doctor about any limitations that may be necessary.

• Self-hypnosis. This allows you to focus on a pleasant image while relaxing your body.

Add comment July 19th, 2005 Mommy

几种有助于减轻分娩时阵痛的运动

没有人可以预测你分娩的过程会如何，包括你的医生。常做以下几种运动，可以帮助舒缓分娩时可能产生的种种不适。从现在就开始吧，但切记锻炼时要量力而行、不可操之过急。

Kegels
Strengthening your pelvic floor muscles may help protect your perineum, the muscular area between the anus and vagina, from tearing during childbirth. Kegel exercises are small internal contractions of the muscles that support your urethra, bladder, uterus and rectum. You can do Kegels anywhere — sitting at your computer, watching TV, even standing in line at the supermarket.
• Tighten the muscles around your vagina as if trying to interrupt the flow of urine when going to the bathroom.
• Hold for a count of four, then release. Repeat ten times. Try to work up to three or four sets about three times a day.

Pelvic tilt/Angry cat
This variation of the pelvic tilt is done on all fours, not lying on your back. This position will strengthen your abdominal muscles and ease back pain during your pregnancy and labor.
• Get down on your hands and knees, arms shoulder-width apart and knees hip-width apart, keeping your arms straight.
• Tighten your abdominal muscles and tuck your buttocks under and round your back, breathing in.
• Relax your back into a neutral position and breathe out.
• Repeat at your own pace.

Squat
It may not be the most elegant position, but squatting is a time-honored way of preparing for and giving birth. This position strengthens your thighs and helps open your pelvis.
• Stand facing the back of a chair with your feet slightly wider than hip-width apart, toes pointed outward. Hold the back of the chair for support.
• Lower your tailbone toward the floor as though you were going to sit down on a chair. Contract your abdominal muscles, lift your chest, and relax your shoulders. Find your balance — most of your weight should be toward your heels.
• Take a deep breath and, exhaling, push into your legs to rise to a standing position

Tailor or Cobbler pose
This position can help open up your pelvis and loosen your hip joints in preparation for birth. It can also improve your posture and ease tension in your lower back. sitting cross-legged on the floor for as long as you’re comfortable, legs crossed at the ankles.
• Sit up straight against a wall with the soles of your feet touching each other.
• Gently press your knees down and away from each other — but don’t force them apart.
• Stay in this position for as long as you’re comfortable.

Add comment July 11th, 2005 Mommy